Peer review is a critical quality control mechanism in the advancement of science. However, few researchers receive any formal training on how to effectively review and critique a scientific manuscript. We intend to provide workshop participants with knowledge, skills, and strategies to maximize the quality and utility of their reviews. Learning about the review process and how to provide better reviews can also help authors improve their own manuscripts. We will familiarize participants with the overall peer review process: the purpose, potential biases, and ethical dilemmas of peer review, the review itself, and responding to reviews as an author. Participants will learn key elements of a reviewer report and what to include in private comments to the editor. Techniques to convey comments politely and constructively and the journal decisions and appeals process will be discussed. The session will feature “live edits” of responses to reviewer reports and case studies to enhance learning. All members of ISEE may benefit from this workshop, however, we anticipate the greatest interest from early-career researchers and members from low- and middle-income countries. After the session, participants will have a clearer understanding of the peer review process, how to write useful reviews, and how to successfully respond to reviewer comments on their own work.